Depression is not a new phenomenon. Depression has found portrayal in literature and arts for centuries. In the nineteenth century, doctors started viewing depression as an inherited
weakness of temperament. In the first half of last century, the famous psychiatrist Freud linked the development of depression to guilt and conflict. Last some decades have seen
focus being shifted from the cause of depression to its effect on the afflicted people.

Causes

Depression is a multi-faceted problem. The different factors that play role can be genetics, environment, life events, medical conditions,…These are discussed in short below.

Genetics

People with faulty genes are more likely to get depressed. Having said this, there are cases when people with genetic makeup for depression have not got depressed. Also, there are
cases of people with no such history in family, and still they have got depressed.

Life Events

The death of near one can go beyond normal grief and sometimes lead to depression. Other difficult life events, such as when parents divorce, family disputes can trigger depression. Even situation like long period of unemployment, financial crisis can lead to depression.

Family and Social Environment

Situations such as poverty, homelessness and disputes in family can lead to depression. In fact, any negative, stressful, or unhappy family atmosphere can be the cause of depression.
Use of alcohol and some drugs is known to lead to depression.

Medical Conditions

Some medical conditions can disturb hormone balance and consequently affect mood. Hypothyroidism is known to lead to depression. On being treated of such disorders, depression
also is cured of its own.

Treatment

Depression needs to be treated by a psychiatrist. The doctor makes physical examination and reviews medical and psychiatric history and makes mental status examination.Sometimes
depressive symptoms are caused by a neurological disorder. So neurological examination should be done to make sure that the cause is not neurological. The doctor also asks if there
is any family history of this disorder, as depression can also be genetic. In severe depression patient may attempt suicide. Such patients need to be hospitalized till the danger is over.

Each case of depression has to be tackled differently. So the treatment is tailor-made. It also helps to take some help of a psychotherapist. in addition to a psychiatrist..
Antidepressant drugs are also available for fighting depression. These are
* selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
* tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).

Stammering is “characterized by stoppages and disruptions in fluency which interrupt the smooth flow and timing of speech. These stoppages may take the form of repetitions of sounds, syllables or words, or of prolongations of sounds so that words seem to be stretched out, and can involve silent blocking of the airflow of speech when no sound is heard” (Enderby, 1996). Speech may sound forced, tense or jerky. People who stammer may avoid certain words or situations which they know will cause them difficulty. Stammering is a British word. Instead, Americans use the word “stuttering”.

Some people avoid and substitute words to such an extent that people in their lives may not realize they have a stammer. This is known as “covert stammering”.

Myths about stammering

All research indicates that the stammering and the non-stammering populations are identical in terms of intelligence, mental state, neurotic behavior etc. The only difference found is that one group stammers and the other doesn’t, but no explanation for this has as yet been identified.
This contradicts the popular perception that people who stammer are less intelligent, more nervous etc. Speed of speech should not be confused with speed of thought. A person who stammers will generally think at normal speed, even though expression of the thoughts may be slower.

Demography:

5% of children under the age of five will go through a phase of stammering at some stage in their speech and language development. Stammering shows strong gender bias. Under the age of five, a boy is twice as likely to suffer from stammering as a girl. However, with the increase in age, this ratio becomes more skewed with men’s chances of stammering about 3.5 to 4 times those of women. Of the adult population in U.K. nearly 1% suffers from stammering.

Causes:

Till date, medical science has not been able to find the cause of stammering. Research seems to suggest that a combination of factors is involved.
Genetics are relevant at least in some cases. Someone with stammering in the family seems more likely to develop a stammer themselves. Brain imaging studies have shown significant differences between the brain activity of people stammering as compared with fluent speakers.

Therapy:

Children showing early signs of stammering should be referred to a speech and language therapist (SLT) as early as possible. Speech and language therapy has proved to be most effective with children aged under 5 years. In many cases when the problem is caught early enough (before psychological issues of anxiety and self consciousness arise) the child is able to learn to speak fluently again with no evidence of recurrence.

For both older children and adults who stammer, the situation is more complex. Modern therapy can help improve fluency, confidence and communication skills but as stammering is more established by this stage it becomes more a case of learning to manage it effectively. While speech and language therapy can continue to make a positive difference in older children and adults, there is no magical ‘cure’ for stammering. The most difficult problems that such people face is that of dealing with inferiority complex. They are advised to be part of some self help group which are now common in cities. If there is no such group, they can take the lead and form one instead.

Causes

Though schizophrenia seems to have genetic origin, its exact cause is still not understood by the medical fraternity. Besides there are no pathological lab tests
to diagnose schizophrenia. Doctors have to rely on accounts of patients and close ones to affirm schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is most likely to manifest itself
in boys in the age group of 20-26 and girls in 24-32 years.
Though schizophrenia can’t be diagnosed by lab tests, still psychiatrists do recommend some pathological tests to patient to confirm the disease. There have also been findings of differences in the size and structure of certain brain areas in schizophrenia, starting with the discovery of ventricular enlargement in those for whom negative symptoms were most prominent. However, this has not proven particularly reliable on the level of the individual person, with considerable variation between patients. More recent studies have shown various differences in brain structure between people with and without diagnoses of schizophrenia. While brain structure changes have been found in people diagnosed with schizophrenia who have never been treated with antipsychotic drugs there is evidence that the medication itself might cause additional changes in the brain’s structure. However, as with earlier studies, many of these differences are only reliably detected when comparing groups of people, and are unlikely to predict any differences in brain structure of an individual person with schizophrenia. This is because, there are other diseases that have symptoms that can be confused as those of schizophrenia.

Living in an urban environment has been consistently found to be a risk factor for schizophrenia. Social disadvantage has been found to be a risk factor, including poverty and migration related to social adversity, racial discrimination, family dysfunction, unemployment or poor housing conditions. Childhood experiences of abuse or trauma have also been implicated as risk factors for a diagnosis of schizophrenia later in life. Parenting is not held responsible for schizophrenia but unsupportive dysfunctional relationships may contribute to an increased risk.

Cure

Till date, medical science has not been able to come out with any definite and sure-shot cure of schizophrenia. This is basically because, unlike other
‘diseases’, schizophrenia is not caused by any virus or bacteria or any other microorganism. In fact , even diagnosis of schizophrenia is a highly debatable
issue with psychiatrists facing lot of criticism over this issue. According to one study, when diagnosis of two psychiatrists were compared, they were found
to be agreeing in only 65% of the cases.
Still, there is a ray of hope. There are medicines that can control schizophrenia to some extent. These medicines when coupled with love of near ones can go a long way in fighting schizophrenia.

Migraine is a severe type of headache and are of two types

Classical migraine and common migraine

1.Classical migraine is a type of headache that may lead to aura or immediate effects like numbness or tingling. The aura can be flashes or blinking of light, squiggly lines, or even halo effect.

2.The common migraine may not be related with aura. Nearly all the people who suffer from migraines may suffer from common migraine, normally at the rate of 3:1 ratio.

About millions of people, particularly Americans go through this problem but most of them experience no treatment. While examining the migraine Scientist were of the view that migraines were the ultimate cause of enlargement of the blood vessels. Discoveries led after close examination of the brains during migraine attacks concluded that some excitable neurons, or brain nerve cells are present.

The most recent study ushering migraine study is mechanism so called the cortical spreading depression or CSD. Initial stage of the migraine pain, revealed that there occurs a sudden eruption of the cortical activity in the occipital lobes that is back part of the brain. In the occipital lobe there will be spontaneous increase in the activity and and suddenly result in decline in the activity and ultimately demoralized state. The ultimate pain may be due to brain stem activation, or the blood vessel inflamed by rapidly exchanging flow of blood or even both.

Heart ultrasound helps to expose:

• The level of damage pursuing in the heart
• Whether fluid is accumulating near or around the heart
• The existence of disorders in the structure of the heart
• The effectiveness of the heart in pumping blood to the rest of the body.

As per the American Society of Echocardiography, those with a family history of heart disease, unexplained chest or upper arm pain, or a previous history of heart disease may want to ask their medical doctor if they need a heart ultrasound.

When heart ultrasound is merged with a stress test, the heart can be visualized before and after exercise. In this way, strong blockages (plaque) in the arteries of the heart can be noticed. This is vital because plaque in the arteries can often lead to angina pectoris or heart attacks.

Heart ultrasounds can also be beneficial for people who have been treated for cancer, diabetes and other conditions that may have weak-willed the heart.

The examination generally lasts for 45-60 minutes and the most general type is completely noninvasive. Often, heart ultrasounds can be performed in a physician’s office or a lab.

Experts comments that there are important things to remember when considering to under go examination:

• You should consult to your physician first. Only expert or professional can order a heart ultrasound.
• Check to see if sonography is performed by a registered sonographer in an genuine laboratory.

You must have noticed that you don’t suit the same skin scream as do your friend. This is because your friend skin may be different from yours. Usually there are two major types of skin classified; dry skin and oily skin. Oily skin mostly suffer from frequent pimple problems, whereas dry skin need to apply moisturizers frequently. There by dry skin are very much sensitive to any extreme conditions like sunlight, high temperature etc. This is because of the low quantity of sebum of the skin.

Especially during cold seasons, your body’s moisture is lost and more dry, rough, and skin nurtures out. In cold condition it is required to provide external heat to the body and therefore due to the lack of humidity it keeps moisture away from the skin. Even after taking bath with the soap of high pH, one can feel the skin stretched. Even while performing various activities outside, one can feel the dry skin.

Do you know the reason behind the dry skin?

Dry skin is usually results due to low sebum level of the skin. Therefore in order to maintain the sebum level of the skin, it is important to add healthy food in your diet. A balanced diet including grains, pulses, seeds etc will provide glow to your skin. Even many times it is advised by the beauticians to apply powdered form of the grain to the skin, so that it may provide externally the required nutrients to the skin. Fresh fruits must be consumed to allow the skin look charming and soft.

We usually are unaware that are diets can only fulfill the need of our skin. Let’s make a glance on the following curative measures:

• Some vegetables, specifically orange and yellow in color that is rich in antioxidants and beta-carotene add to the glowing of the skin. Even eggs and onions help in the repair of the outer layer of the skin.
• Asparagus act as the detoxifying agent and hence should be added to the diet.
• Flax seed oil is rich in 3fatty acids and consuming it helps in metabolizing prostaglandins, which ultimately help in increasing the life of the healthy skin.
• The skin requires vitamins like vitamin A, C and B5 to prevent the skin from dryness. All these are present in cantaloupes, carrots and apricots. Hence our skin requires B5 also known as pathothenic acid to utilize our body fats and oil appropriately. Kefir, yeast and yogurts contain B5.
• The most natural method one is advised is to consume plenty of water a day. This will help in maintaining the skin healthy and clear. The dry skin may sometimes lead to the early aging of the skin. Hence to avoid it one should take care of the skin.

Hence one should consume a healthy and nourishing diet in order to have glowing and long lasting young skin.

The increased self-confidence helps oneself to flourish one’s talent. It enables us to increase communication with more and more people. It is very important to expose the hidden talent which will help one to sweep away the mental anxiety. It is helpful in living professional as well as individual life at ease. Self-control is very imperative means of developing one’s confidence and making one self-reliant. A confident person is able to conquer every obstacle and is ready to face challenges. Making one empowered by gaining the skill of controlling oneself and believing in our self help to build self-confidence.

The vital role that our self-control plays in our life is first to understand one’s limitation. It helps to present oneself in any situation. Discovering our self is possible only by building self -confidence. Self-confidence is very important lesson in gearing up one’s posture towards life that is essential to restrain one’s will power. Difficulties strengthen one’s will-power. So never fear to face challenges. This attitude motivates oneself to admit those things which cannot be altered. We build an attitude to behave in a controlled mode and to change it as per the situation.

One has to make revolution in one self as per the requirement. So it is very important to know one’s needs and limitation. We can make our life simple as well as complicated. It all depends on how we look on to it. So have positive attitude towards life. Life is always variable. And is must to live a pleasant living. If we isolate our self and become reserved minded it becomes impossible to survive freely in friendly atmosphere. It is important to come alive with the reality and harmonize the very fact that self-control is the ultimate source to develop one’s personality.

Every individual have different way to deal with any situation. It is obvious that one cannot behave normally in the entire situation. Therefore it is very important to build-up self-control. Many times it is hard to react to any situation. Sometime our emotions block the mind and unable one to think ahead. Mostly it happens that our anger guard our activities which ultimately worsen the situation. To tackle with the situation properly, one should face the problem directly and logically instead emotionally. Ultimately leads to the requirement of self-control. Logical thinking is the best option to tackle with any situation. One can inculcate the logical way of thinking to heal the hidden self.

It is quite certain that many times we are delimited with lots of strain; it may be due to our concealed nature of mind that can create many hindrances. Once you make yourself relief of various stressed you are likely to perform well in your deeds. And there is much possibility of building overall confidence. Many time’s it happens that everything go wrong in life. In such condition, one should not panic rather one’s will power should be strong enough to face the challenges. Or else negative thought embarks over one’s mind. If we have super control over our self we can motivate negative thoughts to positive one. And very well behave open heartily and direct our mind and body to fulfill the required situation.

Therefore we conclude that building self-control empowers our moral and practical views towards life.

Is it in your hands to avoid or suspend the arrival of diabetes? However, it may be from heredity also. Lots of people suffers from it. Diabetes has been existing for years and you might feel that it will hit you also and disturb your healthy lifestyle. But the symptoms are so random and mostly not observed and consequently many pre-diabetics do not seek relief.

The two most beneficial things that will help you in preventing diabetes are performing more and more physical activities or try to increase your measure of physical movement and proper nourishment in the diet.

To help yourself you need to increase your fiber, vegetables as well as proteins, and try to reduce your high sugar, high carbohydrate foods, and highly fatted foods. Even though it may seem tough at the initial stage, but you will overcome this obstacle as you be in touch with these activities and by maintaining proper arrangements and schedules to win this battle of diabetes.

Though families with diabetes are taking proper medication and they can often revert to normal blood sugar levels. This can be completed with the addition of more, or constant, physical activity and appropriate diet in their daily lives. Some analysis have shown, in fact, that this combination of diet and exercise can work as well as medications with out the potential side effects. Of course, you should not go off any treatments unless you plan a program with your physician first and have the proper normal readings on your diabetes tests.

Another vital item to consider is a eye testing. This should be performed every year to allow your doctor to grab any approaching or progressing diseases, including diabetes. Early detection is very important as mentioned above. You have more of a chance to offset the disease by curative measures if you know you can manage your circumstances by simple problem solving procedures.

In conclusion to this article, the under mentioned should be remembered :

1. Maintain your health by pursuing some good helpful food items and preparing them in a healthy way. If you want to improve on your meal preparation, take guidance with the American Diabetes Association, your regional hospital, contact with your doctor. You can also search food diabetes diet from the internet.

2. Carry on your weight at a normal measure according to your age and height. This is habitually hard to do, but even a slight decrease in your weight brings great rewards.

3. Get yourself checked regularly for diabetes, even if you reveal no diabetic symptoms, mainly if the disease is inherent in your family.

4. Follow your doctor’s prescriptions regarding the treatments and take them on a regular basis until you have the diet and exercise under control. Then you will be able to lessen or eliminate the medications you are taking.

5. If you see any of the diabetes symptoms mentioned above, please get a fasting diabetes test as soon as possible to prevent the onset of any severe medical conditions that can be grow up due to diabetes such as stroke or joint problems.

In Brief : This article is written to give you an outline of diabetes. And you can also make yourself aware of the diabetes symptoms.

SELF-DENIAL: Firstly when I had been told that I had diabetes, this was the first emotional feeling I had. Maybe it was a cool way the doctor told me I had the disease in my life. He did not handle it very well which pushed me to be in the stage such feelings. Those feelings prolonged me in getting control of the disease. Controlling diabetes at the initial stage of detection crucial.

ANGER: The next consequent feeling I had was anger. The moment I was set in the disease I was crazy and gone mad. Mad at my doctor, mad at God, mad on everything for making my simple life so difficult. Mad on my new born disease for making my life miserable and exaggerating me.

WITHDRAWAL: Right from the begging I was very fun loving guy. The retail food business sort of demands that, when I got to know my new disease I could see how slowly I began to withdrew and became more down to earth. My pleasing personality slowly started changing as well. I became more serious and less fun loving.

DEPRESSION: There were times when I became totally depressed with my newly found disease. Each and every new changes I made for my new diet plan, the long list of medications for the complication that are arising, the never ending war of weight loss; the stress of knowing the complications that can be develop on me; the list goes on.

These were the major feelings I experienced, there are other also.

The most important thing is to have a great support team surrounding you and your family, spouse, doctor, nutritionist, etc. all those who can provide the feeling you will need to cope with this disease. There are support groups at most hospitals that may help too.

Depression is a psychological disorder and depending on how serious the symptoms medical attention may be necessary. Clinical depression can effect your health where deficiency of sleep is the main factor for chronic weakness settling in. Rounds of depression can have shocking affects on a patient trying to lead a normal life due to different mood swings which obstruct with their normal daily activities. Those feelings can be of sadness or loneliness and dysphoria. The lack of concentration is a major delay for a person suffering from depression particularly when decision making is involved.

Behavior of sufferers with depression can noticeably change causing major disaster to their daily way of thinking or doing. Common occurring mood swings can consist of irrepressible anger outbursts or anti social emotions. Social withdrawal can lead to loneliness where living like a recluse is the only option to deal with the depression. This is not the solution.

Sexual urges that were once placed high up on your daily list of pleasurable thoughts can be reduced to a level of near non existence therefore this can cause your partner to feel rejected (Not in all cases)
Medication is there for the taking, help is there for the taking, so why not take it. It may not cure but it certainly helps combat stress and anxiety.

Awareness of just how serious depression can be if it reaches a certain level has to be addressed immediately. Check out how this disorder has or is still destroying lives. With the right treatment and medication you can still hold onto life.

Due to the similarity of symptoms to ups and downs and depression has led to a lot of heartache. Unhappily to say life was not worth living for some whose ups and downs turned out to be depression which scaled to a height as high up like that of a mountain and then to come down to earth with a bump where they are to sleep forever.

It is our own dejected state of mind that hampers our efforts in finding the true cause and cure.